What size fenders do I need for my boat?
Size by boat length using the published charts: a cylindrical fender runs about one inch of diameter for every four to five feet of boat, so a boat up to 20 ft wants roughly a 4 to 5 inch fender, a 25 ft boat about 6 inches, a 35 ft boat about 8 inches, and a 45 ft boat about 10 to 12 inches. Round ball fenders run about double that diameter for the same boat. Lean to the larger end for a heavy or high-freeboard boat, or an exposed or tidal berth.
How many fenders do I need?
Hang one fender for every ten feet of boat length on the side you tie up, with a minimum of three. So a boat up to 30 ft wants three, a 40 ft boat four, and a 50 ft boat five. Carry a couple of spares beyond that, because you double up when you raft alongside another boat and you want one in reserve for an awkward piling.
What size dock lines do I need?
Dock lines are sized by diameter, in nylon three-strand. The standard chart runs about 3/8 inch for boats up to 27 ft, 1/2 inch to about 31 ft, 5/8 inch to about 36 ft, 3/4 inch into the mid-forties, and 7/8 to 1 inch above that. Step up one diameter for a heavy boat, an exposed or tidal berth, or a line you leave on the dock permanently.
How long should my dock lines be?
Bow and stern lines should be about two thirds of your boat's length each, and spring lines about the full length of the boat. A 30 ft boat wants roughly 20 ft bow and stern lines and 30 ft springs; a 40 ft boat wants about 27 ft bow and stern lines and 40 ft springs. Carry four lines as a minimum (bow, stern, and two springs) and six for a permanent berth.
Should dock lines be nylon or polypropylene?
Nylon, and three-strand or double-braid. Nylon stretches under load, which absorbs the surge and shock that would otherwise snatch at your cleats. Polypropylene does not stretch, it floats in a tangle, and it breaks down in sunlight, so it belongs on a dinghy painter, not on dock lines. Whatever you use, add chafe protection wherever the line crosses a chock or rail, because chafe is what parts a line, not a lack of strength.
What is a spring line and do I need one?
Spring lines run fore and aft along the dock rather than out to the side, and they stop the boat surging forward and backward in the slip while the bow and stern lines hold it off the dock. Yes, you need them: a boat held only by bow and stern lines walks forward and back with every wake and gust. Run them about the length of the boat, and for a permanent berth carry two so the boat is pinned from both directions.
Do the fender and line sizes change for a tidal or exposed berth?
Yes. The base chart assumes a calm slip on a floating dock. A tidal berth, a fixed dock the boat rides up and down against, or an exposed spot with chop and wakes all work the gear harder. Add a fender and lean to the larger diameter, step the dock line up one size, and add chafe gear at every chock. This tool bumps those numbers for you when you pick an exposed or rafting berth.